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| Plane headed for South Tower |
It is the 25th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks that brought down the Twin Towers in New York City, damaged the Pentagon in Washington D.C., and caused an airplane to crash in Shanksville, PA. For those of us who were alive when this day happened, the tragic event is seared into our memories, but there are those who were born after the attacks, and many of them are not fully aware of what happened or clear about the impact on our city, our country, and the world.
For me, 9/11 is very personal. We lost a family member on that day – a firefighter who was so brave that he went up the stairs of a burning building when everyone else was coming down them. I also lost two childhood friends that day, so it is not something I can just forget about and move on.
My children have no memory of what happened, but as a family we have chosen to keep the story of 9/11 as something that deeply affected us. They have heard stories about their brave uncle who died on that day, and they see how we have honored his memory each year. Even though it is 25 years later, we are never going to stop marking this day and will never forget what happened.
How Can We Teach About What Happened?
To the generation born after 9/11, it has become a part of history. It's something they encounter in their textbooks in history class. As my generation learned about Pearl Harbor – another devastating day in American history – these students learn about 9/11 as part of a broad course of study.
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| D-Day in France June 6, 1944 |
My father was a WWII veteran, so in our house discussions about Pearl Harbor, D-Day (my father was there for it), and other aspects of the war were part of our childhoods. When I was learning about it in school, I had a definite personal connection to the events of the war.
This generation may or may not have known someone connected to 9/11. Teachers cannot and should not treat 9/11 as just another event in history. It must be made into something more important than that. It is a day that changed everything, and those lost and their grieving families and friends deserve a more focused approach.
Personal Connections
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| Firefighter visiting a classroom |
One of the best resources teachers have at their disposal are people. Survivors of 9/11 – firefighters, other first responders, and civilians – are valuable because they can relate personal experiences had on that day.
Schools should hold a day of tangible recognition for 9/11. Part of the program of that day or week should include visitors who experienced 9/11. I know many people – myself included – who would be more than willing to participate in such an experience.
These speakers could bring physical artifacts to show to the students. This could include photographs of their lost loved ones, personal belongings, and documents (including any newspaper clippings). This would make 9/11 not just something read about in a textbook – it would make the tragic day come alive for students.
Interview Family Members
A great resource for students can be family members or friends of the family. Students can be given an assignment to interview someone and ask a series of questions regarding 9/11.
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| Student interviewing someone about 9/11 |
Younger parents may have vague memories of 9/11, but older family members and friends or neighbors may hold onto vivid memories of 9/11. Questions could be asked like these: Where were you when it happened? How did you feel when you learned about it? Was anyone you know lost in the attacks? And many other questions.
By interviewing people who lived through 9/11, students are going beyond what is just a historical entry in a textbook. This is bridging the gap between a simple rendering of events and personal memories that are probably more vivid and meaningful.
Audio and Video
9/11 was covered extensively by the media from the moment the first airplane hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center. For students to be able to see and hear what happened that day has much more impact than a textbook entry would have. Please watch the video below of the Twin Towers coming down.
Depending on the age of the students, teachers would have to use discretion regarding what is actually shown. High school students should be able to handle the more graphic videos of the falling buildings and people jumping from the burning towers. While this is ugly and heartbreaking, it is also necessary and compelling to let students know about the human losses that day and how horrific they were.
There is also the opportunity to hear audio of phone calls between people in the burning buildings or on the doomed planes and their friends and loved ones. People who knew they were going to die were trying to connect with others during those final minutes. Yes, it is devastating to listen to these voices, but it will definitely make 9/11 become real beyond the textbook explanation about what happened.
Everyday Impacts on Their World
The attacks on 9/11 are still impacting our world today. Teachers can make clear how these procedures have changed the way we live our lives. Here are some things that should be discussed:
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| Passengers and TSA agents |
1. Airports - Going through security now involves taking off shoes, limiting the volume of liquids we carry, and going through TSA body scanners.
2. Public Areas - Concrete barriers, enhanced security (including surveillance cameras), and bag checks are found in federal and state buildings, train and bus stations, sports arenas, and large public events.
3. The Patriot Act - Federal legislation enhanced governmental powers to monitor phone calls, digital communications, and financial contractions.
4. New Agencies - The Department of Homeland Security and Immigration and Custom Enforcement (ICE) were established for domestic security and border control.
Social Impacts
1. Profiling People - The attacks caused an increased awareness of Middle Eastern, South Asian, and Muslims, who were subjected to heightened security, stereotyping, and a persistent focus on their activities.
2. Ongoing Health Issues - First responders and Lower Manhattan residents and students have been affected from ongoing chronic respiratory illnesses, cancers, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which can compound physical and mental health and also lead to death.
3. 9/11 Memorial and Museum - Lesson plans are available from this invaluable resource for all grade levels. It is also an ideal place for school class trips for students to understand the real impact that 9/11 has had on our lives.
First Responders' Bravery
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| NYC Firefighters raise a flag on 9/12/2001 |
Students should be made aware of the incredible bravery of all first responders on 9/11, when they did their jobs without thinking about their own personal safety. Even after the attacks, they worked in the smoking rubble for weeks to try to find survivors.
If teachers are able to do so, schedule a class visit by first responders to talk about the impact of 9/11 on our city and the country. It will be more than a teachable moment – it will make the day come alive for our students.
Final Thoughts
By making an effort to do the things discussed above, we can make 9/11 more than just a day that occurred in history. On this 25th anniversary of the attacks, it is essential to remember the depth of the scars that were left on our nation.
By teaching about 9/11 in a compelling and meaningful way, we are not just giving our students essential instruction about an impactful historic moment, we are also honoring all those lost on that day and their families and friends who still suffer a deeply personal loss. In doing so, we are making clear right now and for the years to come that 9/11 will not recede into the backdrop of history but will be meaningfully noted each year for now and forevermore!
9/11 Documentary
When you have time, please watch the documentary below. I believe it best captures what happened to my city on 9/11/2001 and shows the bravery of the firefighters on that fateful day.


































